Operators and Expressions

Operators let you perform operations on values and variables.

Arithmetic Operators

Operator	Description	Example
`+`	Addition	`5 + 3` → `8`
`-`	Subtraction	`5 - 3` → `2`
`*`	Multiplication	`5 * 3` → `15`
`/`	Division	`5 / 3` → `1.666...`
`//`	Floor Division	`5 // 3` → `1`
`%`	Modulo (remainder)	`5 % 3` → `2`
`**`	Exponentiation	`5 ** 3` → `125`

a = 10
b = 3

print(a + b)   # 13
print(a - b)   # 7
print(a * b)   # 30
print(a / b)   # 3.333...
print(a // b)  # 3
print(a % b)   # 1
print(a ** b)  # 1000

Comparison Operators

These return True or False:

Operator	Description	Example
`==`	Equal to	`5 == 5` → `True`
`!=`	Not equal to	`5 != 3` → `True`
`>`	Greater than	`5 > 3` → `True`
`<`	Less than	`5 < 3` → `False`
`>=`	Greater or equal	`5 >= 5` → `True`
`<=`	Less or equal	`5 <= 3` → `False`

x = 10
y = 5

print(x == y)   # False
print(x != y)   # True
print(x > y)    # True
print(x < y)    # False

Logical Operators

Combine boolean expressions:

Operator	Description	Example
`and`	Both must be True	`True and False` → `False`
`or`	At least one True	`True or False` → `True`
`not`	Inverts the value	`not True` → `False`

age = 25
has_license = True

# Can they rent a car?
can_rent = age >= 21 and has_license
print(can_rent)  # True

# Is it a weekend?
is_saturday = True
is_sunday = False
is_weekend = is_saturday or is_sunday
print(is_weekend)  # True

String Operators

# Concatenation
first = "Hello"
last = "World"
full = first + " " + last
print(full)  # "Hello World"

# Repetition
line = "-" * 20
print(line)  # "--------------------"

Order of Operations

Python follows standard math precedence (PEMDAS):

Parentheses ()
Exponents **
Multiplication/Division * / // %
Addition/Subtraction + -

result = 2 + 3 * 4      # 14 (not 20!)
result = (2 + 3) * 4    # 20 (parentheses first)

Tip: When in doubt, use parentheses to make your intentions clear!